max_load_factor{?f} by l0rinc · Pull Request #81 · l0rinc/bitcoin

l0rinc · 2025-12-26T22:42:59Z

for DBCACHE in 450; do   COMMITS="8cdc5dd73b73f60113b4b87ac8a1af5de6bc2ea4 96523d17f02517dc55c88ecef112a59d0f1269dc cbc6318ce8b4b69286f6dfc6c342ad7f319111e7 83aa5806b72ad1e7f433944b01f6afd3006bcec0 830f56fe1fec7396a6fe050f752dd23011ccff0e fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488 aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728 a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301";   STOP=930039;   BASE_DIR="/mnt/my_storage"; DATA_DIR="$BASE_DIR/BitcoinData"; LOG_DIR="$BASE_DIR/logs";   (echo ""; for c in $COMMITS; do git fetch -q origin $c && git log -1 --pretty='%h %s' $c || exit 1; done) &&   (echo "" && echo "reindex-chainstate | ${STOP} blocks | dbcache ${DBCACHE} | $(hostname) | $(uname -m) | $(lscpu | grep 'Model name' | head -1 | cut -d: -f2 | xargs) | $(nproc) cores | $(free -h | awk '/^Mem:/{print $2}') RAM | SSD"; echo "") &&  hyperfine     --sort command     --runs 1     --export-json "$BASE_DIR/rdx-$(sed -E 's/(\w{8})\w+ ?/\1-/g;s/-$//'<<<"$COMMITS")-$STOP-$DBCACHE-$CC.json"     --parameter-list COMMIT ${COMMITS// /,}     --prepare "killall -9 bitcoind 2>/dev/null; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log; git clean -fxd; git reset --hard {COMMIT} && \
      cmake -B build -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_IPC=OFF && ninja -C build bitcoind -j2 && \
      ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=1000 -printtoconsole=0; sleep 20; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log"     --conclude "killall bitcoind || true; sleep 5; grep -q 'height=0' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'Disabling script verification at block #1' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'height=$STOP' $DATA_DIR/debug.log; \
                cp $DATA_DIR/debug.log $LOG_DIR/debug-{COMMIT}-$(date +%s).log"     "COMPILER=$CC ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=$DBCACHE -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0"; done

8cdc5dd73b validation: fetch inputs on parallel threads
96523d17f0 coins: preserve max load factor during cache reset
cbc6318ce8 max_load_factor{2.0f}
83aa5806b7 max_load_factor{1.75f}
830f56fe1f max_load_factor{1.5f}
fd902d0657 max_load_factor{1.25f}
aa58228e27 max_load_factor{1.0f}
080fab38c2 max_load_factor{0.75f}
a099ad7962 max_load_factor{0.5f}

reindex-chainstate | 930039 blocks | dbcache 450 | i9-ssd | x86_64 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9900K CPU @ 3.60GHz | 16 cores | 62Gi RAM | SSD

Benchmark 1: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 8cdc5dd73b73f60113b4b87ac8a1af5de6bc2ea4)
  Time (abs ≡):        17244.638 s               [User: 46827.358 s, System: 2205.419 s]

Benchmark 2: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 96523d17f02517dc55c88ecef112a59d0f1269dc)
  Time (abs ≡):        17397.140 s               [User: 46715.937 s, System: 2286.523 s]

Benchmark 3: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = cbc6318ce8b4b69286f6dfc6c342ad7f319111e7)
  Time (abs ≡):        17461.946 s               [User: 46923.958 s, System: 2267.281 s]

Benchmark 4: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 83aa5806b72ad1e7f433944b01f6afd3006bcec0)

  Time (abs ≡):        17542.543 s               [User: 47258.826 s, System: 2314.857 s]

Benchmark 5: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 830f56fe1fec7396a6fe050f752dd23011ccff0e)
  Time (abs ≡):        16777.022 s               [User: 47664.607 s, System: 2429.423 s]

Benchmark 6: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
  Time (abs ≡):        15616.153 s               [User: 47402.851 s, System: 2452.055 s]

Benchmark 7: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
  Time (abs ≡):        15637.316 s               [User: 47402.667 s, System: 2522.308 s]

Benchmark 8: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
  Time (abs ≡):        15463.250 s               [User: 47511.809 s, System: 2408.478 s]

Benchmark 9: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301)
  Time (abs ≡):        15160.517 s               [User: 47023.173 s, System: 2500.516 s]

Relative speed comparison
        1.14          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 8cdc5dd73b73f60113b4b87ac8a1af5de6bc2ea4)
        1.15          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 96523d17f02517dc55c88ecef112a59d0f1269dc)
        1.15          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = cbc6318ce8b4b69286f6dfc6c342ad7f319111e7)
        1.16          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 83aa5806b72ad1e7f433944b01f6afd3006bcec0)
        1.11          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 830f56fe1fec7396a6fe050f752dd23011ccff0e)
        1.03          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
        1.03          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
        1.02          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
        1.00          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301)
-----------

for DBCACHE in 4500; do   COMMITS="8cdc5dd73b73f60113b4b87ac8a1af5de6bc2ea4 96523d17f02517dc55c88ecef112a59d0f1269dc cbc6318ce8b4b69286f6dfc6c342ad7f319111e7 83aa5806b72ad1e7f433944b01f6afd3006bcec0 830f56fe1fec7396a6fe050f752dd23011ccff0e fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488 aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728 a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301";   STOP=930039;   BASE_DIR="/mnt/my_storage"; DATA_DIR="$BASE_DIR/BitcoinData"; LOG_DIR="$BASE_DIR/logs";   (echo ""; for c in $COMMITS; do git fetch -q origin $c && git log -1 --pretty='%h %s' $c || exit 1; done) &&   (echo "" && echo "reindex-chainstate | ${STOP} blocks | dbcache ${DBCACHE} | $(hostname) | $(uname -m) | $(lscpu | grep 'Model name' | head -1 | cut -d: -f2 | xargs) | $(nproc) cores | $(free -h | awk '/^Mem:/{print $2}') RAM | SSD"; echo "") &&  hyperfine     --sort command     --runs 1     --export-json "$BASE_DIR/rdx-$(sed -E 's/(\w{8})\w+ ?/\1-/g;s/-$//'<<<"$COMMITS")-$STOP-$DBCACHE-$CC.json"     --parameter-list COMMIT ${COMMITS// /,}     --prepare "killall -9 bitcoind 2>/dev/null; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log; git clean -fxd; git reset --hard {COMMIT} && \
      cmake -B build -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_IPC=OFF && ninja -C build bitcoind -j2 && \
      ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=1000 -printtoconsole=0; sleep 20; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log"     --conclude "killall bitcoind || true; sleep 5; grep -q 'height=0' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'Disabling script verification at block #1' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'height=$STOP' $DATA_DIR/debug.log; \
                cp $DATA_DIR/debug.log $LOG_DIR/debug-{COMMIT}-$(date +%s).log"     "COMPILER=$CC ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=$DBCACHE -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0"; done

8cdc5dd73b validation: fetch inputs on parallel threads
96523d17f0 coins: preserve max load factor during cache reset
cbc6318ce8 max_load_factor{2.0f}
83aa5806b7 max_load_factor{1.75f}
830f56fe1f max_load_factor{1.5f}
fd902d0657 max_load_factor{1.25f}
aa58228e27 max_load_factor{1.0f}
080fab38c2 max_load_factor{0.75f}
a099ad7962 max_load_factor{0.5f}

reindex-chainstate | 930039 blocks | dbcache 4500 | umbrel | x86_64 | Intel(R) N150 | 4 cores | 15Gi RAM | SSD

Benchmark 1: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 8cdc5dd73b73f60113b4b87ac8a1af5de6bc2ea4)
  Time (abs ≡):        21298.395 s               [User: 40044.918 s, System: 3039.879 s]

Benchmark 2: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 96523d17f02517dc55c88ecef112a59d0f1269dc)
  Time (abs ≡):        21881.016 s               [User: 40394.773 s, System: 3471.956 s]

Benchmark 3: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = cbc6318ce8b4b69286f6dfc6c342ad7f319111e7)
  Time (abs ≡):        23238.547 s               [User: 41866.924 s, System: 3397.346 s]

Benchmark 4: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 83aa5806b72ad1e7f433944b01f6afd3006bcec0)
  Time (abs ≡):        22684.086 s               [User: 41393.231 s, System: 3275.538 s]

Benchmark 5: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 830f56fe1fec7396a6fe050f752dd23011ccff0e)
  Time (abs ≡):        22194.048 s               [User: 40999.261 s, System: 3089.280 s]

Benchmark 6: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
  Time (abs ≡):        22305.735 s               [User: 41010.702 s, System: 3462.677 s]

Benchmark 7: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
  Time (abs ≡):        21416.985 s               [User: 40209.055 s, System: 3138.269 s]

Benchmark 8: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
  Time (abs ≡):        21317.316 s               [User: 40330.752 s, System: 3199.684 s]
and

for DBCACHE in 450; do   COMMITS="fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488 aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728";   STOP=930039;   BASE_DIR="/mnt/my_storage"; DATA_DIR="$BASE_DIR/BitcoinData"; LOG_DIR="$BASE_DIR/logs";   (echo ""; for c in $COMMITS; do git fetch -q origin $c && git log -1 --pretty='%h %s' $c || exit 1; done) &&   (echo "" && echo "reindex-chainstate | ${STOP} blocks | dbcache ${DBCACHE} | $(hostname) | $(uname -m) | $(lscpu | grep 'Model name' | head -1 | cut -d: -f2 | xargs) | $(nproc) cores | $(free -h | awk '/^Mem:/{print $2}') RAM | SSD"; echo "") &&  hyperfine     --sort command     --runs 1     --export-json "$BASE_DIR/rdx-$(sed -E 's/(\w{8})\w+ ?/\1-/g;s/-$//'<<<"$COMMITS")-$STOP-$DBCACHE-$CC.json"     --parameter-list COMMIT ${COMMITS// /,}     --prepare "killall -9 bitcoind 2>/dev/null; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log; git clean -fxd; git reset --hard {COMMIT} && \
      cmake -B build -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_IPC=OFF && ninja -C build bitcoind -j2 && \
      ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=1000 -printtoconsole=0; sleep 20; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log"     --conclude "killall bitcoind || true; sleep 5; grep -q 'height=0' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'Disabling script verification at block #1' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'height=$STOP' $DATA_DIR/debug.log; \
                cp $DATA_DIR/debug.log $LOG_DIR/debug-{COMMIT}-$(date +%s).log"     "COMPILER=$CC ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=$DBCACHE -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0"; done

fd902d0657 max_load_factor{1.25f}
aa58228e27 max_load_factor{1.0f}
080fab38c2 max_load_factor{0.75f}

reindex-chainstate | 930039 blocks | dbcache 450 | i7-hdd | x86_64 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700 CPU @ 3.60GHz | 8 cores | 62Gi RAM | SSD

Benchmark 1: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
  Time (abs ≡):        38090.837 s               [User: 50575.151 s, System: 3003.521 s]

Benchmark 2: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
  Time (abs ≡):        39555.825 s               [User: 50867.392 s, System: 3041.000 s]

Benchmark 3: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
  Time (abs ≡):        38865.055 s               [User: 50836.020 s, System: 2989.493 s]

Relative speed comparison
        1.00          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
        1.04          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
        1.02          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
and

for DBCACHE in 4500; do   COMMITS="8cdc5dd73b73f60113b4b87ac8a1af5de6bc2ea4 96523d17f02517dc55c88ecef112a59d0f1269dc cbc6318ce8b4b69286f6dfc6c342ad7f319111e7 83aa5806b72ad1e7f433944b01f6afd3006bcec0 830f56fe1fec7396a6fe050f752dd23011ccff0e fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488 aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728 a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301";   STOP=930039;   BASE_DIR="/mnt/my_storage"; DATA_DIR="$BASE_DIR/BitcoinData"; LOG_DIR="$BASE_DIR/logs";   (echo ""; for c in $COMMITS; do git fetch -q origin $c && git log -1 --pretty='%h %s' $c || exit 1; done) &&   (echo "" && echo "reindex-chainstate | ${STOP} blocks | dbcache ${DBCACHE} | $(hostname) | $(uname -m) | $(lscpu | grep 'Model name' | head -1 | cut -d: -f2 | xargs) | $(nproc) cores | $(free -h | awk '/^Mem:/{print $2}') RAM | SSD"; echo "") &&  hyperfine     --sort command     --runs 1     --export-json "$BASE_DIR/rdx-$(sed -E 's/(\w{8})\w+ ?/\1-/g;s/-$//'<<<"$COMMITS")-$STOP-$DBCACHE-$CC.json"     --parameter-list COMMIT ${COMMITS// /,}     --prepare "killall -9 bitcoind 2>/dev/null; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log; git clean -fxd; git reset --hard {COMMIT} && \
      cmake -B build -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_IPC=OFF && ninja -C build bitcoind -j2 && \
      ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=1000 -printtoconsole=0; sleep 20; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log"     --conclude "killall bitcoind || true; sleep 5; grep -q 'height=0' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'Disabling script verification at block #1' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'height=$STOP' $DATA_DIR/debug.log; \
                cp $DATA_DIR/debug.log $LOG_DIR/debug-{COMMIT}-$(date +%s).log"     "COMPILER=$CC ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=$DBCACHE -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0"; done

8cdc5dd73b validation: fetch inputs on parallel threads
96523d17f0 coins: preserve max load factor during cache reset
cbc6318ce8 max_load_factor{2.0f}
83aa5806b7 max_load_factor{1.75f}
830f56fe1f max_load_factor{1.5f}
fd902d0657 max_load_factor{1.25f}
aa58228e27 max_load_factor{1.0f}
080fab38c2 max_load_factor{0.75f}
a099ad7962 max_load_factor{0.5f}

reindex-chainstate | 930039 blocks | dbcache 4500 | umbrel | x86_64 | Intel(R) N150 | 4 cores | 15Gi RAM | SSD

Benchmark 1: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 8cdc5dd73b73f60113b4b87ac8a1af5de6bc2ea4)
  Time (abs ≡):        21298.395 s               [User: 40044.918 s, System: 3039.879 s]

Benchmark 2: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 96523d17f02517dc55c88ecef112a59d0f1269dc)
  Time (abs ≡):        21881.016 s               [User: 40394.773 s, System: 3471.956 s]

Benchmark 3: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = cbc6318ce8b4b69286f6dfc6c342ad7f319111e7)
  Time (abs ≡):        23238.547 s               [User: 41866.924 s, System: 3397.346 s]

Benchmark 4: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 83aa5806b72ad1e7f433944b01f6afd3006bcec0)
  Time (abs ≡):        22684.086 s               [User: 41393.231 s, System: 3275.538 s]

Benchmark 5: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 830f56fe1fec7396a6fe050f752dd23011ccff0e)
  Time (abs ≡):        22194.048 s               [User: 40999.261 s, System: 3089.280 s]

Benchmark 6: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
  Time (abs ≡):        22305.735 s               [User: 41010.702 s, System: 3462.677 s]

Benchmark 7: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
  Time (abs ≡):        21416.985 s               [User: 40209.055 s, System: 3138.269 s]

Benchmark 8: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
  Time (abs ≡):        21317.316 s               [User: 40330.752 s, System: 3199.684 s]

Benchmark 9: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301)
  Time (abs ≡):        21184.291 s               [User: 40002.683 s, System: 3512.483 s]

Relative speed comparison
        1.01          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 8cdc5dd73b73f60113b4b87ac8a1af5de6bc2ea4)
        1.03          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 96523d17f02517dc55c88ecef112a59d0f1269dc)
        1.10          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = cbc6318ce8b4b69286f6dfc6c342ad7f319111e7)
        1.07          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 83aa5806b72ad1e7f433944b01f6afd3006bcec0)
        1.05          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 830f56fe1fec7396a6fe050f752dd23011ccff0e)
        1.05          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
        1.01          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
        1.01          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
        1.00          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301)
---

for DBCACHE in 450 4500; do   COMMITS="aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728 a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301";   STOP=930039;   BASE_DIR="/mnt/my_storage"; DATA_DIR="$BASE_DIR/BitcoinData"; LOG_DIR="$BASE_DIR/logs";   (echo ""; for c in $COMMITS; do git fetch -q origin $c && git log -1 --pretty='%h %s' $c || exit 1; done) &&   (echo "" && echo "reindex-chainstate | ${STOP} blocks | dbcache ${DBCACHE} | $(hostname) | $(uname -m) | $(lscpu | grep 'Model name' | head -1 | cut -d: -f2 | xargs) | $(nproc) cores | $(free -h | awk '/^Mem:/{print $2}') RAM | SSD"; echo "") &&  hyperfine     --sort command     --runs 1     --export-json "$BASE_DIR/rdx-$(sed -E 's/(\w{8})\w+ ?/\1-/g;s/-$//'<<<"$COMMITS")-$STOP-$DBCACHE-$CC.json"     --parameter-list COMMIT ${COMMITS// /,}     --prepare "killall -9 bitcoind 2>/dev/null; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log; git clean -fxd; git reset --hard {COMMIT} && \
      cmake -B build -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_IPC=OFF && ninja -C build bitcoind -j2 && \
      ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=1000 -printtoconsole=0; sleep 20; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log"     --conclude "killall bitcoind || true; sleep 5; grep -q 'height=0' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'Disabling script verification at block #1' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'height=$STOP' $DATA_DIR/debug.log; \
                cp $DATA_DIR/debug.log $LOG_DIR/debug-{COMMIT}-$(date +%s).log"     "COMPILER=$CC ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=$DBCACHE -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0"; done

aa58228e27 max_load_factor{1.0f}
080fab38c2 max_load_factor{0.75f}
a099ad7962 max_load_factor{0.5f}

reindex-chainstate | 930039 blocks | dbcache 450 | i9-ssd | x86_64 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9900K CPU @ 3.60GHz | 16 cores | 62Gi RAM | SSD

Benchmark 1: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
  Time (abs ≡):        15703.200 s               [User: 47638.177 s, System: 2527.972 s]

Benchmark 2: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
  Time (abs ≡):        15508.249 s               [User: 47239.333 s, System: 2448.704 s]

Benchmark 3: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301)
  Time (abs ≡):        15197.077 s               [User: 46910.014 s, System: 2400.646 s]

Relative speed comparison
        1.03          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
        1.02          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
        1.00          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301)

aa58228e27 max_load_factor{1.0f}
080fab38c2 max_load_factor{0.75f}
a099ad7962 max_load_factor{0.5f}

reindex-chainstate | 930039 blocks | dbcache 4500 | i9-ssd | x86_64 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9900K CPU @ 3.60GHz | 16 cores | 62Gi RAM | SSD

Benchmark 1: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
  Time (abs ≡):        14433.489 s               [User: 33394.391 s, System: 1048.727 s]

Benchmark 2: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
  Time (abs ≡):        14271.466 s               [User: 33312.939 s, System: 1037.455 s]

Benchmark 3: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = a099ad79627
  Time (abs ≡):        14031.298 s               [User: 33129.949 s, System: 1047.214 s]

Relative speed comparison
        1.03          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
        1.02          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
        1.00          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301)
----

or DBCACHE in 450; do   COMMITS="8cdc5dd73b73f60113b4b87ac8a1af5de6bc2ea4 96523d17f02517dc55c88ecef112a59d0f1269dc cbc6318ce8b4b69286f6dfc6c342ad7f319111e7 83aa5806b72ad1e7f433944b01f6afd3006bcec0 830f56fe1fec7396a6fe050f752dd23011ccff0e fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488 aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728 a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301";   STOP=930039;   BASE_DIR="/mnt/my_storage"; DATA_DIR="$BASE_DIR/BitcoinData"; LOG_DIR="$BASE_DIR/logs";   (echo ""; for c in $COMMITS; do git fetch -q origin $c && git log -1 --pretty='%h %s' $c || exit 1; done) &&   (echo "" && echo "reindex-chainstate | ${STOP} blocks | dbcache ${DBCACHE} | $(hostname) | $(uname -m) | $(lscpu | grep 'Model name' | head -1 | cut -d: -f2 | xargs) | $(nproc) cores | $(free -h | awk '/^Mem:/{print $2}') RAM | SSD"; echo "") &&  hyperfine     --sort command     --runs 1     --export-json "$BASE_DIR/rdx-$(sed -E 's/(\w{8})\w+ ?/\1-/g;s/-$//'<<<"$COMMITS")-$STOP-$DBCACHE-$CC.json"     --parameter-list COMMIT ${COMMITS// /,}     --prepare "killall -9 bitcoind 2>/dev/null; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log; git clean -fxd; git reset --hard {COMMIT} && \
      cmake -B build -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_IPC=OFF && ninja -C build bitcoind -j2 && \
      ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=1000 -printtoconsole=0; sleep 20; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log"     --conclude "killall bitcoind || true; sleep 5; grep -q 'height=0' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'Disabling script verification at block #1' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'height=$STOP' $DATA_DIR/debug.log; \
                cp $DATA_DIR/debug.log $LOG_DIR/debug-{COMMIT}-$(date +%s).log"     "COMPILER=$CC ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=$DBCACHE -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0"; done

8cdc5dd73b validation: fetch inputs on parallel threads
96523d17f0 coins: preserve max load factor during cache reset
cbc6318ce8 max_load_factor{2.0f}
83aa5806b7 max_load_factor{1.75f}
830f56fe1f max_load_factor{1.5f}
fd902d0657 max_load_factor{1.25f}
aa58228e27 max_load_factor{1.0f}
080fab38c2 max_load_factor{0.75f}
a099ad7962 max_load_factor{0.5f}

reindex-chainstate | 930039 blocks | dbcache 450 | rpi5-16-3 | aarch64 | Cortex-A76 | 4 cores | 15Gi RAM | SSD

Benchmark 1: COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 8cdc5dd73b73f60113b4b87ac8a1af5de6bc2ea4)
  Time (abs ≡):        33166.734 s               [User: 82523.048 s, System: 6475.929 s]

Benchmark 2: COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 96523d17f02517dc55c88ecef112a59d0f1269dc)
  Time (abs ≡):        33107.144 s               [User: 82407.084 s, System: 6616.901 s]

Benchmark 3: COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = cbc6318ce8b4b69286f6dfc6c342ad7f319111e7)
  Time (abs ≡):        33057.577 s               [User: 81896.723 s, System: 6302.222 s]

Benchmark 4: COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 83aa5806b72ad1e7f433944b01f6afd3006bcec0)
  Time (abs ≡):        33996.683 s               [User: 83513.642 s, System: 6638.377 s]

Benchmark 5: COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 830f56fe1fec7396a6fe050f752dd23011ccff0e)
  Time (abs ≡):        33698.289 s               [User: 83591.636 s, System: 6378.166 s]

Benchmark 6: COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
  Time (abs ≡):        33212.456 s               [User: 82321.317 s, System: 6533.662 s]

Benchmark 7: COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
  Time (abs ≡):        33859.466 s               [User: 84108.022 s, System: 6715.665 s]

Benchmark 8: COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
  Time (abs ≡):        32846.268 s               [User: 82035.391 s, System: 6500.530 s]

Benchmark 9: COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301)
  Time (abs ≡):        32946.326 s               [User: 82332.716 s, System: 6725.863 s]

Relative speed comparison
        1.01          COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 8cdc5dd73b73f60113b4b87ac8a1af5de6bc2ea4)
        1.01          COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 96523d17f02517dc55c88ecef112a59d0f1269dc)
        1.01          COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = cbc6318ce8b4b69286f6dfc6c342ad7f319111e7)
        1.04          COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 83aa5806b72ad1e7f433944b01f6afd3006bcec0)
        1.03          COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 830f56fe1fec7396a6fe050f752dd23011ccff0e)
        1.01          COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
        1.03          COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
        1.00          COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
        1.00          COMPILER= ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = a099ad79627487518e561f5788c5759014f45301)
---------

for DBCACHE in 4500; do \
  COMMITS="fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488 aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728"; \
  STOP=930039; \
  BASE_DIR="/mnt/my_storage"; DATA_DIR="$BASE_DIR/BitcoinData"; LOG_DIR="$BASE_DIR/logs"; \
  (echo ""; for c in $COMMITS; do git fetch -q origin $c && git log -1 --pretty='%h %s' $c || exit 1; done) && \
  (echo "" && echo "reindex-chainstate | ${STOP} blocks | dbcache ${DBCACHE} | $(hostname) | $(uname -m) | $(lscpu | grep 'Model name' | head -1 | cut -d: -f2 | xargs) | $(nproc) cores | $(free -h | awk '/^Mem:/{print $2}') RAM | SSD"; echo "") &&\
  hyperfine \
    --sort command \
    --runs 1 \
    --export-json "$BASE_DIR/rdx-$(sed -E 's/(\w{8})\w+ ?/\1-/g;s/-$//'<<<"$COMMITS")-$STOP-$DBCACHE-$CC.json" \
    --parameter-list COMMIT ${COMMITS// /,} \
    --prepare "killall -9 bitcoind 2>/dev/null; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log; git clean -fxd; git reset --hard {COMMIT} && \
      cmake -B build -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_IPC=OFF && ninja -C build bitcoind -j2 && \
      ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=1000 -printtoconsole=0; sleep 20; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log" \
    --conclude "killall bitcoind || true; sleep 5; grep -q 'height=0' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'Disabling script verification at block #1' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'height=$STOP' $DATA_DIR/debug.log; \
                cp $DATA_DIR/debug.log $LOG_DIR/debug-{COMMIT}-$(date +%s).log" \
    "COMPILER=$CC ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=$DBCACHE -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0";
done

fd902d0657 max_load_factor{1.25f}
aa58228e27 max_load_factor{1.0f}
080fab38c2 max_load_factor{0.75f}

reindex-chainstate | 930039 blocks | dbcache 4500 | i7-hdd | x86_64 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700 CPU @ 3.60GHz | 8 cores | 62Gi RAM | SSD

Benchmark 1: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
  Time (abs ≡):        27250.633 s               [User: 35171.227 s, System: 1136.702 s]

Benchmark 2: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
  Time (abs ≡):        28430.202 s               [User: 34969.789 s, System: 1121.994 s]

Benchmark 3: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
  Time (abs ≡):        27280.423 s               [User: 34929.023 s, System: 1133.422 s]

Relative speed comparison
        1.00          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
        1.04          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
        1.00          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=4500 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
root@i7-hdd /mnt/my_storage/bitcoin # for DBCACHE in 450; do   COMMITS="fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488 aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728";   STOP=930039;   BASE_DIR="/mnt/my_storage"; DATA_DIR="$BASE_DIR/BitcoinData"; LOG_DIR="$BASE_DIR/logs";   (echo ""; for c in $COMMITS; do git fetch -q origin $c && git log -1 --pretty='%h %s' $c || exit 1; done) &&   (echo "" && echo "reindex-chainstate | ${STOP} blocks | dbcache ${DBCACHE} | $(hostname) | $(uname -m) | $(lscpu | grep 'Model name' | head -1 | cut -d: -f2 | xargs) | $(nproc) cores | $(free -h | awk '/^Mem:/{print $2}') RAM | SSD"; echo "") &&  hyperfine     --sort command     --runs 1     --export-json "$BASE_DIR/rdx-$(sed -E 's/(\w{8})\w+ ?/\1-/g;s/-$//'<<<"$COMMITS")-$STOP-$DBCACHE-$CC.json"     --parameter-list COMMIT ${COMMITS// /,}     --prepare "killall -9 bitcoind 2>/dev/null; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log; git clean -fxd; git reset --hard {COMMIT} && \
      cmake -B build -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_IPC=OFF && ninja -C build bitcoind -j2 && \
      ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=1000 -printtoconsole=0; sleep 20; rm -f $DATA_DIR/debug.log"     --conclude "killall bitcoind || true; sleep 5; grep -q 'height=0' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'Disabling script verification at block #1' $DATA_DIR/debug.log && grep -q 'height=$STOP' $DATA_DIR/debug.log; \
                cp $DATA_DIR/debug.log $LOG_DIR/debug-{COMMIT}-$(date +%s).log"     "COMPILER=$CC ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=$DATA_DIR -stopatheight=$STOP -dbcache=$DBCACHE -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0"; done

fd902d0657 max_load_factor{1.25f}
aa58228e27 max_load_factor{1.0f}
080fab38c2 max_load_factor{0.75f}

reindex-chainstate | 930039 blocks | dbcache 450 | i7-hdd | x86_64 | Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700 CPU @ 3.60GHz | 8 cores | 62Gi RAM | SSD

Benchmark 1: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
  Time (abs ≡):        38090.837 s               [User: 50575.151 s, System: 3003.521 s]

Benchmark 2: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
  Time (abs ≡):        39555.825 s               [User: 50867.392 s, System: 3041.000 s]

Benchmark 3: COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)
  Time (abs ≡):        38865.055 s               [User: 50836.020 s, System: 2989.493 s]

Relative speed comparison
        1.00          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = fd902d065702b3a6ce0db96765b6e7bf36239488)
        1.04          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = aa58228e27398b6384bcb8176004ae06419d7e00)
        1.02          COMPILER=gcc ./build/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/mnt/my_storage/BitcoinData -stopatheight=930039 -dbcache=450 -reindex-chainstate -blocksonly -connect=0 -printtoconsole=0 (COMMIT = 080fab38c24b7144edc44724adb8aa570f03c728)

Co-authored-by: l0rinc <pap.lorinc@gmail.com>

l0rinc force-pushed the detached138 branch 2 times, most recently from a70b5de to 443255d Compare December 27, 2025 07:09

andrewtoth and others added 9 commits January 3, 2026 18:35

validation: reuse connect block coins view

44e86d5

Co-authored-by: l0rinc <pap.lorinc@gmail.com>

coins: don't mutate main cache when connecting block

5b16cf9

Co-authored-by: l0rinc <pap.lorinc@gmail.com>

fuzz: pass coins_view_cache to TestCoinsView in coins_view

0a462e5

validation: fetch all inputs of block before connecting block

bd6ec0c

bench: add CoinsViewCacheAsync benchmark

eb5285d

Co-authored-by: l0rinc <pap.lorinc@gmail.com>

coins: filter inputs created in same block before fetching

f7445c6

Co-authored-by: l0rinc <pap.lorinc@gmail.com>

coins: process inputs during ConnectBlock instead of before

c707b50

Co-authored-by: l0rinc <pap.lorinc@gmail.com>

fuzz: move backend_coins_view access to end of TestCoinsView

e5c3133

coins: make fetching inputs thread safe

6ee13e0

Co-authored-by: l0rinc <pap.lorinc@gmail.com>

l0rinc force-pushed the detached138 branch from 443255d to d5634d0 Compare January 3, 2026 17:39

andrewtoth and others added 9 commits January 3, 2026 18:50

validation: fetch inputs on parallel threads

8cdc5dd

Co-authored-by: l0rinc <pap.lorinc@gmail.com>

coins: preserve max load factor during cache reset

96523d1

max_load_factor{2.0f}

cbc6318

max_load_factor{1.75f}

83aa580

max_load_factor{1.5f}

830f56f

max_load_factor{1.25f}

fd902d0

max_load_factor{1.0f}

aa58228

max_load_factor{0.75f}

080fab3

max_load_factor{0.5f}

a099ad7

l0rinc force-pushed the detached138 branch from d5634d0 to a099ad7 Compare January 3, 2026 17:50

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max_load_factor{?f}#81

max_load_factor{?f}#81
l0rinc wants to merge 18 commits intomasterfrom
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l0rinc commented Dec 26, 2025 •

edited

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l0rinc commented Dec 26, 2025 • edited Loading Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page.

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l0rinc commented Dec 26, 2025 •

edited

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